Austria's TBE vaccine success faces new threats as tick risks spread

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) remains a serious health risk in Austria, despite decades of vaccination efforts. New data shows that immunisation has prevented over 10,000 hospitalisations and around 80 deaths since 2000. Yet, cases are still rising in some regions, with 132 people hospitalised in 2025 alone. Austria introduced TBE vaccination in 1976, making it one of the first countries to approve the jab. Health authorities now recommend it for everyone aged six months and older. The vaccine's long-term protection means that, after the initial course and one booster, only a single dose is needed—even if delayed.

Vaccination rates have dropped to about 80 percent nationwide. This decline is concerning, as 85 percent of TBE infections occur in unvaccinated people. Another 12 percent affect those who missed their booster shots. Without vaccination, more than 4,000 severe cases could have occurred, often leading to lasting issues like chronic headaches, paralysis, or seizures. Tick activity is also changing. Over the past five years, warmer conditions have shifted hotspots, including the common *Ixodes ricinus* species, to higher elevations. Monitoring by the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) shows increased tick presence in new areas. Oberösterreich reported 53 cases in 2025, down from over 200 nationally in 2020, but experts warn against complacency. Residents can submit ticks to AGES for testing to track risks.

The TBE vaccine continues to play a crucial role in reducing severe illness and death in Austria. With ticks spreading to new regions and vaccination rates slipping, health officials urge residents to stay up to date with their jabs. The data highlights both the vaccine's success and the ongoing need for vigilance.