Excess niacin linked to higher heart disease risk, new study warns

A recent study published in Nature Medicine has raised concerns about high niacin intake. Researchers found a link between excess niacin and an increased risk of heart disease. The findings challenge the long-held view of niacin as a universally beneficial supplement. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, plays a vital role in the body. It supports energy metabolism, fatty acid breakdown, DNA repair, cell signalling, and antioxidant defence. In low doses, it also aids neurological function and skin health.

The study identified a substance called 4PY, produced when niacin is metabolised in excess. High levels of 4PY were linked to inflammation, blood vessel damage, and cardiac events such as heart attacks and strokes. The compound directly contributes to vascular inflammation, potentially leading to atherosclerosis.

Historically, niacin has been prescribed in high doses (500–1,000 mg) to lower cholesterol. Yet experts now caution against routine supplementation, particularly in large amounts. Dr Cheng-Han Chen advises individuals currently taking niacin to consult healthcare providers.

Niacin occurs naturally in foods like chicken, turkey breast, salmon, sunflower seeds, and fortified cereals. The recommended dietary allowance is 16 mg for adult men and 14 mg for adult women. The study suggests that obtaining niacin from food rather than supplements may be safer. High doses could increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Healthcare professionals now recommend reassessing supplementation habits in light of these findings.