Fish oil's evolving role in heart health gains global clinical momentum

Fish oil remains one of the most widely used dietary supplements worldwide. Often marketed for heart protection, mood support, and inflammation reduction, its popularity stems from decades of research into its health benefits. A key focus has been its role in lowering triglycerides and improving cell function.

Scientific interest in fish oil grew in the 1970s after studies highlighted its potential heart-protective effects. Rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—specifically EPA and DHA—it helps maintain fluid and flexible cell membranes. Research also suggests it can ease joint stiffness and tenderness in inflammatory arthritis while modestly improving depression symptoms when combined with antidepressants.

For most people, fish oil is safe, though some experience mild side effects like a fishy aftertaste, nausea, or diarrhoea. A 2023 study found that doses exceeding 2 grams daily of EPA and DHA are needed to significantly reduce triglycerides. This aligns with the rise of high-dose prescription omega-3 treatments, such as Vazkepta, which gained approval for cardiovascular risk reduction after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Since October 2024, Vazkepta's inclusion in Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme has expanded access. The EU's European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved it in late 2024, with reimbursements growing in Germany, France, and the UK by mid-2025. The US followed in early 2025, with the FDA broadening its label and insurance coverage increasing. Japan and Canada also approved it in 2025, incorporating it into national health guidelines for high-risk patients.

Fish oil continues to be a widely recommended supplement for heart health and inflammation management. With prescription-strength options like Vazkepta now more accessible globally, its use in clinical settings is expanding. The growing body of research supports its benefits, though optimal dosing remains key for meaningful triglyceride reduction.