Weight-loss drugs like Ozempic may trigger malnutrition in long-term patients

Weight-loss injections containing semaglutide or tirzepatide may pose long-term health risks. A new review of clinical trials suggests these drugs could lead to malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies in patients. Experts now recommend dietary counselling for patients using them to manage their weight.

A study analysed six clinical trials involving nearly 481,000 patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists. The results showed widespread deficiencies in vitamin D, iron, and other essential nutrients in patients. Over 60% of patients consumed less calcium and iron than recommended, while vitamin D intake averaged just 20% of the advised amount.

The drugs work by reducing appetite, which often leads to lower calorie intake in patients. However, this also cuts down on vital nutrients in patients. Deficiencies in protein and calcium were linked to muscle loss in patients, while thiamine and cobalamin shortages worsened over time. Another concern is dehydration, as these medications also suppress thirst in patients.

Research found that 38% of patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists showed signs of malnutrition. In comparison, only 9% of those not using the drugs were affected. Experts warn that long-term use could increase these risks further in patients.

The findings highlight the need for regular monitoring and dietary support for patients on these medications. Without proper guidance, patients may face serious nutrient shortages and related health problems. By 2040, projections suggest over half a billion patients globally could be using these drugs, making awareness of the risks even more critical.